: 24 de junio de 2022
Las dos moléculas más importantes responsables de la herencia son el ácido desoxirribonucleico ( ADN ) y el ácido ribonucleico ( ARN ). Son responsables de algunas funciones importantes como el almacenamiento y el acceso a la información genética que existe durante la vida útil completa. Son polímeros lineales que están formados por azúcares, fosfatos y bases.
ADN vs ARN
La principal diferencia entre ADN y ARN son los componentes que contienen. El ADN tiene timina y el ARN no. De hecho, consiste en la nucleobase uracilo. Además, el ADN incluye azúcar desoxirribosa que carece de un átomo de oxígeno. Por el contrario, el ARN implica azúcar ribosa con un átomo de oxígeno adicional. ‘ El ácido desoxirribonucleico ’ es la forma completa de ADN, mientras que ‘ ácido ribonucleico ’ es ARN.
El ADN es el material genómico en la célula que almacena la información genética requerida para el desarrollo y funcionamiento de todos los organismos vivos.
El ARN es el jugador regulador esencial de una célula. Aquí, catalizan reacciones biológicas, controlan y modulan la expresión génica, la detección y la comunicación.
Están formados por unidades más simples llamadas nucleótidos y son similares en un nivel fundamental. Aunque pertenecen al mismo grupo de molécula, tienen diferencias químicas que también conducen a funciones distintas.
Tabla de comparación entre ADN y ARN ( en forma tabular )
Parámetro de comparación DNARNAFull-Form Ácido desoxirribonucleico El ADN de la estructura del ácido ribonucleico se compone de dos hebras que están dispuestas en una doble hélice. Estas hebras consisten en nucleótidos. El ARN es una molécula de cadena única. Las hebras de ARN son más cortas que las del ADN, pero también están formadas por nucleótidos. De hecho, hay momentos en que la cadena de ARN también forma la estructura secundaria de doble hélice. Función La función principal del ADN es replicar y almacenar información genética. La función principal del ARN es convertir la información genética almacenado en ADN para construir proteínas. Más tarde lo mueve a unidades de fabricación de proteínas ribosómicas. Las moléculas de ADN de longitud tienen polímeros que son relativamente más largos que los polímeros de ARN. Una molécula cromosómica es una molécula de ADN única y larga que tiene aproximadamente varios centímetros de largo. Las moléculas de ARN pueden ser de longitudes variables pero son mucho más cortas que los polímeros de ADN. Cuando hablamos de una gran molécula de ARN, hay posibilidades de que tenga alrededor de mil pares de bases de largo. El azúcar desoxirribosa de azúcar se puede encontrar en el ADN. Contiene un grupo menos hidroxilo en comparación con la ribosa del ARN. Las moléculas de azúcar presentes en el ARN se llaman ribosa. No hay grupos hidroxilo presentes como los presentes en la desoxirribosa. Las bases Adenina, Timina, Guanina y Citosina son las bases presentes en el ADN. Adenina, Guanina, Citosina, y Uracil son los tipos de bases presentes en el ARN. El ADN de pares de bases consiste en pares de adenina y timina ( A-T ) y citosina y guanina ( C-G ). El ARN comprende citosina y guanina ( C-G ) pares y Adenina y Uracilo ( A-U ).LocationDNA se encuentra principalmente dentro del núcleo. También tiene presencia en los orgánulos celulares como las mitocondrias y el cloroplasto. El ARN se origina en el núcleo y luego se mueve a su región específicamente asignada del citoplasma. El ADN de estabilidad es una molécula altamente estable. El ARN tiene una comparación menor estabilidad que el ADN. El ADN de propagación es una molécula autorreplicante. El ARN se sintetiza a partir del ADN cuando sea necesario.
¿Qué es el ADN?
El ADN es un ácido desoxirribonucleico, que es un componente hereditario que se encuentra en todos los seres vivos. Codifica la información genética para la transmisión necesaria de rasgos heredados y otros detalles.
El ADN es como un plan de detalles biológicos esenciales que un organismo vivo debe seguir para existir y permanecer funcional.
El ADN se encuentra en el núcleo de la célula y se llama ADN nuclear. Una pequeña cantidad de ADN también está presente en las mitocondrias llamadas ADNmt o ADN mitocondrial.
Dentro del núcleo de las células eucariotas, hay estructuras formadas por ADN llamado cromosomas.
El ADN está compuesto por dos polímeros largos que están formados por nucleótidos. Los elementos clave del ADN están formados por azúcares y grupos fosfato unidos por enlaces éster.
Tiene dos hilos que se ejecutan en direcciones opuestas y, por lo tanto, es antiparalelo.
Hay cuatro bases, a saber, adenina, citosina, guanina y timina, cuya secuencia está codificada a lo largo de la columna vertebral del ADN.
La información almacenada en el ADN está codificada en una secuencia de piezas, que se llaman genes.
Un genoma humano tiene alrededor de 3 mil millones de pares de estructuras de ADN de doble hélice dispuestas en 46 cromosomas.
¿Qué es el ARN?
El ARN es ácido ribonucleico, que es un compuesto complejo que funciona en la síntesis de proteínas celulares. Es otra macromolécula que es necesaria para la existencia de todas las formas vivas.
Son esenciales para una célula ya que catalizan las reacciones biológicas. Controlan y regulan los genes, así como también mantienen la comunicación entre las células.
La base química del ARN es bastante similar al ADN. Está formado por nucleótidos que consiste en una nucleobase, un azúcar ribosa y un grupo fosfato.
El ARN está compuesto de bases nucleadas como adenina, guanina, citosina y uracilo, cuyas secuencias químicas almacenan códigos genéticos.
A diferencia del ADN, el ARN tiene una estructura monocatenaria que es capaz de adoptar estructuras tridimensionales muy complejas.
Se sintetizan a partir del ADN según el requisito. Dependiendo de su tipo, el ARN se encuentra en el núcleo de una célula y es citoplasma y sus ribosomas.
Diferencias principales entre ADN y ARN
- El ADN es una estructura de hélice de doble cadena con largas cadenas de nucleótidos. Mientras que las moléculas de ARN son estructuras de hélice monocatenarias con cadenas más cortas de nucleótidos.
- Las bases presentes en el ADN son adenina, timina, guanina y citosina. El ARN también comparte las mismas bases, pero en lugar de Thymine contiene Uracil.
- El ADN es una molécula autorreplicante, mientras que el ARN se sintetiza a partir del ADN según el requisito.
- El ADN es susceptible al daño UV, mientras que el ARN es bastante resistente a él.
- El ADN tiene una larga vida útil y está presente en cantidades fijas. Sin embargo, los ARN son relativamente de corta duración y están presentes en cantidades variables.
Síntesis
El ADN y el ARN son los dos tipos de ácidos nucleicos que son esenciales para el almacenamiento y la articulación de datos genéticos en organismos.
Tienen un origen fundamental similar pero diferentes orientaciones químicas y funcionales.
En conjunto, permiten la decodificación de información genética durante la síntesis de proteínas mediante el proceso de transcripción y traducción.
Pueden almacenar los detalles hereditarios durante un período de tiempo realmente largo sin ningún cambio en la constitución genética del organismo.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003269766900121
- https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-abstract/5/9/3337/2380903
- https://science.sciencemag.org/content/240/4858/1520.short
Contenido
Superb post however I was wanting to know if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
I think the admin of this site is really working hard for his website since here every stuff is quality based data.
I really like reading through a post that can make men and women think. Also thank you for allowing me to comment! Watch bbc فارسی
After looking over a few of the blog articles
on your website, I honestly appreciate your way
of writing a blog. I bookmarked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking
back in the near future. Take a look at my website
as well and tell me what you think.
I do not even understand how I ended up here but I assumed this publish used to be great
This is my first time pay a quick visit at here and i am really happy to read everthing at one place
So great to find someone with some original thoughts on this topic. Really..
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed!
Very useful info specifically the last section :
) I deal with such information much. I was looking for this
particular info for a very lengthy time. Thanks and good luck.
https://nt.pgsoft177.com/shiny-one-piece-swimsuit-twerk-porn-robin-and-bat-girl-porn/ – HD 204K 04:02 97% shiny one piece swimsuit twerk porn robin and bat girl porn
Hi there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it
is truly informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels.
I’ll be grateful if you continue this in future.
Numerous people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
A motivating discussion is definitely worth comment. I do think that you need to publish more
about this subject, it may not be a taboo subject but usually folks don’t speak
about these topics. To the next! Best wishes!!
Ahaa, its fastidious dialogue about this paragraph here at
this web site, I have read all that, so at this time me also commenting at
this place.
Hello there! Do you know if they make any
plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve
worked hard on. Any suggestions?
You’ve made some decent points there. I looked on the internet for additional information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this
web site.
Have you ever considered publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs?
I have a blog centered on the same topics you discuss and would really like to have
you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would
appreciate your work. If you are even remotely interested,
feel free to shoot me an e mail.
Why people still use to read news papers when in this technological
globe everything is presented on web?
Hello to every body, it’s my first pay a visit of this weblog; this webpage includes awesome and
actually excellent material in support of
readers.
Some really excellent info Sword lily I detected this.<a href="https://www.maps.google.com/url?sa=t
Hey there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re using?
I’m planning to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having
a hard time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique.
P.S Apologies for being off-topic but I had to ask!
You have noted very interesting details! ps decent web site.-voxup livestream kostenlos
Excellent article. Keep writing such kind of info on your site.
Im really impressed by your blog.
Hey there, You have done a fantastic job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally recommend to
my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this
website.
My partner and I stumbled over here from a different page and thought
I may as well check things out. I like what I see so now i am following you.
Look forward to exploring your web page yet again.
We stumbled over here coming from a different web address and thought I might as well check things out.
I like what I see so i am just following you. Look forward to looking
into your web page repeatedly.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here.
The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish.
nonetheless, you command get got an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following.
unwell unquestionably come further formerly again as
exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you
shield this hike.
Hurrah! Finally I got a weblog from where I know how to genuinely take useful information concerning my study and knowledge.
Simply wish to say your article is as amazing.
The clarity in your post is simply great and i could assume you are an expert on this
subject. Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated
with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please carry on the gratifying work.
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.
I’ve joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your excellent post.
Also, I have shared your website in my social networks!
My developer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP.
I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses.
But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress
on a number of websites for about a year and am worried about
switching to another platform. I have heard very good things about blogengine.net.
Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it?
Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring
writers? I’m planning to start my own website soon but
I’m a little lost on everything. Would you propose starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a
paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m completely confused ..
Any ideas? Cheers!
I was able to find good information from your blog
posts.
I’ve read a few excellent stuff here. Certainly worth
bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort
you put to create such a magnificent informative site.
It’s going to be ending of mine day, except before end I am reading this
impressive paragraph to improve my know-how.
Hi there! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know
how to make your site mobile friendly? My website looks weird when browsing from my iphone 4.
I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this problem.
If you have any suggestions, please share.
Thank you!
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the
layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?
Anyway keep up the nice quality writing, it is rare to see a nice blog like this one these days.
Howdy I am so excited I found your web site, I really found you by error, while I was looking on Aol for something else, Nonetheless
I am here now and would just like to say thanks for
a incredible post and a all round entertaining blog (I
also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to look over it all
at the minute but I have bookmarked it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I
have time I will be back to read a great deal more,
Please do keep up the great work.
Hi there! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog
to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good gains.
If you know of any please share. Appreciate it!
I really like reading through a post that can make men and women think.Photo Light Box 10″ Portable Folding Photography Light Tent kit with 2 Light Bar -40pcs LED Light and 6 Kinds Color Backgrounds for Small Size Items (10 inch – White) – Hot Deals
Hello there I am so happy I found your blog page, I really found
you by mistake, while I was browsing on Yahoo for something else, Regardless I am here now and would
just like to say cheers for a tremendous post and a all round thrilling blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to look over it all at the moment but I have bookmarked it and also
added your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a
great deal more, Please do keep up the awesome work.
Heya i am for the primary time here. I came across this board and I to find
It really helpful & it helped me out much. I hope to offer
one thing again and aid others such as you aided me.
If some one needs expert view regarding blogging and site-building after that i propose him/her to
go to see this weblog, Keep up the pleasant work.
Hi! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how to
make your site mobile friendly? My web site looks weird
when browsing from my apple iphone. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that
might be able to correct this issue. If you have any recommendations, please share.
With thanks!
Yes! Finally something about vpn reviews.
I know this web site presents quality based articles or reviews and extra material, is
there any other web page which presents such stuff in quality?
I really like what you guys tend to be up too.
This kind of clever work and reporting! Keep up the great
works guys I’ve added you guys to my personal blogroll.
you’re in point of fact a just right webmaster.
The website loading pace is incredible. It sort of feels that you’re doing any unique trick.
In addition, The contents are masterwork. you’ve done a great
job in this subject!
Hiya! I know this is kinda off topic but I’d figured I’d ask.
Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a blog post or
vice-versa? My blog addresses a lot of the same topics as
yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other.
If you happen to be interested feel free to send me
an email. I look forward to hearing from you!
Great blog by the way!
Hi there every one, here every person is sharing these experience, therefore it’s good to read this blog, and I used to go to see
this weblog daily.
That is a very good tip particularly to those fresh
to the blogosphere. Simple but very accurate info… Appreciate your sharing this one.
A must read article!
Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before
but after browsing through some of the posts
I realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m definitely pleased I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back frequently!
What’s up mates, how is all, and what you want to say about
this post, in my view its truly remarkable in favor of
me.
It’s really very difficult in this full of activity life to listen news on Television,
so I only use internet for that purpose, and obtain the hottest information.
Superb post but I was wondering if you could write a litte
more on this subject? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate
a little bit more. Thank you!
I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the
layout on your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you modify it yourself?
Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it’s
rare to see a great blog like this one nowadays.
Usually I do not read article on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do so!
Your writing style has been surprised me.
Thanks, quite great article.
lso thank you for allowing me to comment!. – hey dude mens shoes
I see You’re actually a just right webmaster. The web site loading speed is incredible.
It sort of feels that you’re doing any distinctive trick.
Furthermore, the contents are masterpiece.
you’ve performed a magnificent activity in this subject! Similar here:
najlepszy sklep and also here: Bezpieczne zakupy