Diferencia entre geometría electrónica y geometría molecular

: 23 de enero de 2022

La ciencia es la investigación de los problemas de la sociedad y gestiona las numerosas formas en que un tipo de problema puede cambiarse a diferentes tipos. Todas las moléculas están hechas de tres partículas principales – protones, electrones y neutrones. En el punto en que al menos dos partículas se mantienen firmemente unidas para dar forma a un átomo, hay conexiones compuestas entre cada molécula y sus vecinos cercanos. El estado de una partícula pasa sobre una gran cantidad de datos y el paso inicial para comprender la ciencia de un átomo es conocer su cálculo.

El cálculo de un átomo decide la reactividad, la extremidad y el movimiento natural de esa partícula. La hipótesis VSEPR ( Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion ) se puede utilizar para decidir los cálculos de los átomos.

Geometría electrónica vs geometría molecular

La principal diferencia entre la geometría electrónica y la geometría molecular es que la geometría electrónica se encuentra tomando tanto combinaciones de electrones solitarios como enlaces en una partícula, aunque se descubre que la geometría molecular utiliza solo los bonos presentes en el átomo.

Tabla de comparación entre geometría electrónica y geometría molecular

Parámetros de la comparación Geometría electrónica Geometría molecular ¿Qué son?La geometría electrónica decide el estado del átomo que incluye el par de electrones y el par de enlaces. La geometría molecular decide el estado de la partícula que incluye solo los conjuntos de enlaces. Su opinión sobre el par de electrones Geometría electrónica considera el par de electrones La geometría molecular no considera el par de electrones. La geometría electrónica incorpora electrones de retención y no retención. La geometría molecular incorpora solo electrones de retención. Las moléculas La geometría electrónica ayuda a dar el plan de conjuntos de electrones. La geometría molecular ayuda dar el curso de acción de las moléculas alrededor de los núcleos centrales. ¿Cómo coinciden los electrones aquí?En la geometría electrónica, se verifica el número total de coincidencias de electrones y conjuntos de enlaces. En la geometría molecular, se cuenta el número absoluto de conjuntos de enlaces.

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¿Qué es la geometría electrónica?

La geometría electrónica es el estado de una partícula anticipada al considerar tanto conjuntos de electrones de enlace como conjuntos de electrones solitarios. La hipótesis de VSEPR expresa que los conjuntos de electrones situados alrededor de una partícula específica se repelen entre sí.

Los conjuntos de electrones se caracterizan como electrones dos por dos o enlaces, conjuntos solitarios o de vez en cuando un electrón solitario sin par. Dado que los electrones están constantemente en movimiento constante y sus formas no pueden caracterizarse decisivamente, el plan de juego de los electrones en un átomo se representa con respecto a un transporte de espesor de electrones. Estos conjuntos de electrones pueden contener electrones o electrones no retenedores.

La geometría electrónica proporciona el curso de acción espacial de la aparente multitud de enlaces y conjuntos solitarios de una partícula. La geometría electrónica se puede adquirir utilizando la hipótesis VSEPR.

Deberíamos pensar en CH4, por ejemplo: la partícula media aquí es C, y hay 4 electrones de valencia. Las partículas de hidrógeno dan 4 electrones, lo que implica que hay una suma de 8 electrones alrededor de C. Los bonos individuales, para esta situación, son 4 y la cantidad de conjuntos solitarios es 0. Esa es la forma en que establecemos que la geometría electrónica de CH4 es tetraédrica.

¿Qué es la geometría molecular?

La geometría molecular se utiliza para decidir el estado de una partícula. Simplemente alude al curso tridimensional de acción o estructura de iotas en un átomo. Comprender la geometría molecular de un compuesto decide la reactividad, las extremidades, el sombreado, el período de emisión y la atracción.

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El cálculo de una partícula generalmente se representa con respecto a las longitudes de los enlaces, los puntos de unión y los puntos torsionales. Para pequeñas partículas, la receta de geometría molecular y una tabla de longitudes y puntos de enlace estándar podrían ser todo lo necesario para decidir las matemáticas del átomo. A diferencia de la geometría electrónica, se anticipa considerando solo los conjuntos de electrones.

Deberíamos considerar un caso de agua ( H2O ). Aquí, el oxígeno ( O ) es la molécula principal con 6 electrones de valencia, por lo que requiere 2 electrones adicionales de 2 partículas de hidrógeno para terminar su octeto. Entonces, hay 4 racimos de electrones orquestados en forma tetraédrica. También hay 2 conjuntos de enlaces individuales, por lo que la forma posterior está doblada.

Diferencias principales entre geometría electrónica y geometría molecular

  1. Consideramos tanto las coincidencias de electrones solitarios como los conjuntos de electrones de enlace mientras decidimos el estado de una partícula en matemáticas de electrones. Sin embargo, en el cálculo subatómico, solo consideramos conjuntos de electrones de enlace.
  2. Calculamos la cantidad de conjuntos de electrones absolutos en geometría electrónica y no en geometría molecular.
  3. A través de la geometría electrónica, obtenemos el plan de juego espacial de las coincidencias solitarias y la unión en el átomo. Podemos decidirlo a través de la hipótesis VSEPR, como lo indica el cual, los espacios de electrones se repelen entre sí.
  4. La geometría electrónica es la forma que toman los electrones alrededor del ápice focal. Esta es la forma que toman las asociaciones reales entre moléculas en un compuesto. La forma está dirigida por la geometría electrónica.
  5. Una de las numerosas instancias de la geometría electrónica tetraédrica es el amoníaco ( NH3 ). La partícula focal aquí es N y cuatro conjuntos de electrones se difunden como un tetraedro con solo un par de electrones solitarios. En consecuencia, la geometría electrónica de NH3 es tetraédrica. No obstante, su geometría molecular es piramidal de tres lados a la luz del hecho de que los puntos de unión son 107 grados a medida que las moléculas de hidrógeno son rechazadas por el par solitario de electrones alrededor del nitrógeno. Además, el cálculo atómico del agua ( H2O ) se retuerce a la luz del hecho de que hay 2 conjuntos de enlaces únicos.
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Síntesis

La geometría electrónica incorpora los conjuntos de electrones solitarios presentes en una partícula. La geometría molecular puede controlarse por la cantidad de enlaces que tiene una partícula específica.

Mientras entendemos de qué está hecha la materia, descubrimos tantas cosas nuevas que básicamente nos perdemos en el encantador universo de la ciencia.

Sin embargo, un par de ideas pueden ser algo difíciles de apreciar a la luz del hecho de que parecen ser comparables o a la luz del hecho de que simplemente son confusas! Una de esas ideas es la distinción entre cálculo de electrones y matemática atómica.

La geometría electrónica nos anima sobre el plan de varias reuniones de electrones. La geometría molecular, de nuevo, nos anima a comprender todo el ápice y su plan de juego. Es el plan 3D de la aparente multitud de iotas en un átomo específico.

  1. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed047p18
  2. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6rDDAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Electron+Geometry+and+Molecular+Geometry&ots=-1JeLfomlq&sig=q7I-MLEuaN3FiSp3hU_W8LX_5Os

Contenido

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