: 2 de febrero de 2022
CDC ( Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades ) han informado sobre 15.5 millones de casos de infecciones y 3.7 millones de casos de emergencia cada año. Las infecciones ocurren debido a la entrada de organismos nocivos en el cuerpo. Las infecciones se clasifican en varios tipos según el organismo involucrado. Este tipo de infecciones son infecciones virales, infecciones bacterianas, infecciones fúngicas, infecciones parasitarias, infecciones por priones, etc. Los 2 tipos más comunes de infecciones son las infecciones bacterianas y virales.
Infección bacteriana versus viral
La principal diferencia entre la infección bacteriana y viral es que la infección bacteriana es causada por bacterias dañinas, mientras que la infección viral es causada por virus dañinos. Mientras que la infección bacteriana persiste en el cuerpo durante 2 semanas, la infección viral persiste en el cuerpo durante 1 semana. Si bien los antibióticos pueden tratar infecciones bacterianas, las infecciones virales pueden tratarse con medicamentos y medicamentos antivirales.
Cuando las bacterias dañinas ingresan al cuerpo, causa infección bacteriana. Estas infecciones son el resultado del contacto ( directo o indirecto ) con la bacteria. La transmisión de estas infecciones se realiza a través de heces, alimentos y el intercambio de artículos personales. Estas infecciones también pasan de madre a hijo. Ejemplos de infecciones bacterianas incluyen faringitis estreptocócica, infecciones urinarias ( del tracto urinario ), vaginosis bacteriana, etc.
Una infección viral ocurre cuando un virus dañino se entromete en el cuerpo. La transmisión de estas infecciones se realiza a través del tacto directo, el contacto sexual, la saliva y el intercambio de agujas. A veces, los insectos también actúan como vectores y dan como resultado la transmisión de enfermedades. La ingesta de alimentos contaminados también resulta en transmisión. Las infecciones virales tienden a ser altamente contagiosas.
Tabla de comparación entre infección bacteriana y viral
Parámetros de comparación Infección bacteriana <TAG El resultado de la entrada de virus nocivos en el cuerpo. Métodos de transmisión Las infecciones bacterianas se propagan de una persona a otra a través del contacto directo, vectores, métodos aerotransportados, gotas y medios vehiculares. Las infecciones virales se propagan a través del contacto directo, la saliva, el intercambio de agujas, vectores y alimentos contaminados. Síntomas Los síntomas de la infección bacteriana son: Dolor de cabeza Ganglios linfáticos de hinchazón Deveridad y escalofríos Los síntomas de las infecciones virales son: fiebre alta Dolor abdominal Vómitos y náuseas Pérdida de sensación Insuficiencia deteriorada las infecciones bacterianas son: Prueba de urine Prueba de muestra de torundaCBC ( prueba completa de recuento sanguíneo ) Pruebas de imagen como rayos X Los métodos para detectar infecciones virales son: Métodos de detección directa como Microscopía y métodos de aislamiento de tinción de virus, como los métodos de PCRSerología como los anticuerpos Tratamiento Los antibióticos para tratar infecciones bacterianas incluyen ciprofloxacina, amoxicilina y eritromicina. Se usan medicamentos antivirales y medicamentos para el tratamiento de infecciones virales.
¿Qué es la infección bacteriana?
Con forma de bolas, espirales y rollos, las bacterias se refieren a criaturas vivientes con una sola célula. Varios tipos de bacterias tendrán diferentes efectos en el cuerpo. La intrusión de bacterias en el cuerpo, lo que conduce a reacciones químicas y varios desequilibrios en el cuerpo, se conoce como infección bacteriana. Cuando una bacteria ingresa al cuerpo, primero se multiplica y luego desencadena la destrucción en nuestro cuerpo. La intrusión de bacterias en el cuerpo puede incluso tener lugar a través de la piel.
Las enfermedades causadas por bacterias pueden variar desde las menores, como las infecciones del oído, hasta las graves, como la meningitis. Las infecciones comunes incluyen Salmonella, Tuberculosis, etc. La salmonella, al igual que la intoxicación alimentaria, se debe a la ingesta de aves de corral crudas. Las bacterias presentes en el IG de varios animales de aves de corral ingresan al cuerpo y, por lo tanto, muestran síntomas como diarrea, vómitos, dolor abdominal, malestar estomacal, etc. La tuberculosis es una infección pulmonar causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Clostridium difficile se refiere a las bacterias buenas e inofensivas que residen en nuestros tractos gastrointestinales. Si una persona tiene un sistema inmunitario débil o usa antibióticos, estas bacterias se multiplican en número, lo que provoca infecciones en el tracto gastrointestinal. Los síntomas de estas infecciones son diarrea constante e inflamación del colon. Varias bacterias conducen a diversas enfermedades, que a su vez tienen síntomas variables.
¿Qué es la infección viral?
Los virus se refieren a organismos que tienen una capa de proteína rodeada de ARN / ADN como material genético. Estos organismos no pueden reproducirse solos. Dependen de su huésped para su alimentación y supervivencia. Sin embargo, todavía no está seguro de si estos organismos están vivos o no. A medida que se reproducen y toman energía del cuerpo del huésped, algunos científicos consideran que están vivos. Por el contrario, como carecen de cella y la capacidad de reproducirse solos, algunos científicos los consideran muertos.
Los virus son dañinos y útiles. Las infecciones virales ocurren debido a la intrusión de un virus dañino en el cuerpo humano. Al ingresar al cuerpo del huésped, transfieren su material genético al cuerpo celular del huésped. Como resultado, siguen multiplicándose, lo que lleva al secuestro de la maquinaria interna de la célula. Además, estos virus multiplicados conducen a su multiplicación en el cuerpo del huésped, dañando así la parte del cuerpo en cuestión.
Las infecciones virales más comunes que afectan el tracto respiratorio incluyen rinovirus, influenza estacional, VSR ( Virus sincitial respiratorio ), etc. Las infecciones virales más comunes que infectan la piel incluyen Molluscum contagiosum, VZV ( Virus Varicella-zoster ), etc. Las infecciones virales más comunes que afectan el estómago incluyen hepatitis A, norovirus, rotavirus, etc.
Diferencias principales entre infección bacteriana y viral
- La infección bacteriana no siempre es contagiosa. Sin embargo, las infecciones virales son más contagiosas.
- Si bien los antibióticos ayudan a tratar las infecciones bacterianas, las infecciones virales no pueden tratarse con antibióticos. Los antibióticos no tienen efecto sobre los virus y, por lo tanto, no tienen valor.
- Mientras se localiza la infección bacteriana, la infección viral afecta a todo el cuerpo.
- En las infecciones bacterianas, los síntomas duran hasta 2 semanas en el cuerpo. Pero, en las infecciones virales, los síntomas duran no menos de 1 semana.
- Los ejemplos de infecciones bacterianas incluyen tos ferina, infección del oído, faringitis estreptocócica, infecciones urinarias. Por otro lado, los ejemplos de infecciones virales incluyen gripe, resfriado común, bronquitis, VIH / SIDA, tos, varicela, etc.
Síntesis
Las infecciones, independientemente de su tipo, debilitan significativamente nuestro sistema inmunológico. Por lo tanto, uno debe mantenerse alejado de estos organismos y sus enfermedades resultantes. Uno puede hacer esto manteniendo una higiene adecuada, tomando vacunas a tiempo y sin compartir el uso de artículos personales. Además, también es esencial practicar sexo seguro y el uso regular de aerosoles y repelentes de insectos. Uno también debe mantenerse alejado de los animales salvajes. Con la higiene y limpieza adecuadas, se pueden evitar estas infecciones. Además, al notar los síntomas, uno debe comunicarse con el médico lo antes posible, tomando así los medicamentos recetados y cuidándose adecuadamente.
- https://search.proquest.com/openview/91f95cade72affe66aee829263294ee6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=48752
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/inf.1977.9.issue-4.03
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