: 23 de enero de 2022
Los receptores adrenérgicos son una clasificación de los receptores de G-proteína que son sensibles a la neurotransmisión de nuestro cuerpo que son objetivos de muchas catecolaminas producidas por el cuerpo. Estos receptores ayudan a nuestro cuerpo a regular las respuestas en ciertos estimuladores. Estos adrenérgicos o adrenoceptores son de dos tipos, a saber, los receptores alfa y los receptores beta.
Alpha vs Beta Receptores
La principal diferencia entre los receptores alfa y los receptores beta es que los receptores alfa están involucrados en la contracción de los vasos sanguíneos y en la estimulación de las células efectoras. Los receptores beta, por otro lado, están involucrados en la dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos y la relajación de las células efectoras.
Los receptores alfa son uno de los dos tipos de receptores adrenérgicos. Se subdividen nuevamente en receptores Alpha1 y Alpha2. Estos receptores generalmente se encuentran en las arterias o en el área postsináptica de nuestros órganos, neuroefector simpático en la contracción del vaso espláctico.
Los receptores beta son otro tipo de receptores adrenérgicos que se encuentran postsinápticamente en nuestros órganos. Estos receptores se subdividen nuevamente en receptores Beta1 Beta2 y Beta3. Cuando estos receptores Beta se activan, los músculos de nuestro cuerpo se relajan. La actividad común de estos receptores es un aumento en la frecuencia cardíaca, la lipólisis y la liberación de renina.
Comparación de tablas entre receptores alfa y beta
Parámetros de comparación Alpha Receptors 1945 Una clase de receptores que controlan la relajación de la bronquial, la vasodilatación y aumentan la frecuencia cardíaca. Actividad Estimula las células efectoras Relaja las células efectoras Función Es responsable de la contracción de los vasos sanguíneos. Es responsable de la dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos. Ubicación Se encuentra en los músculos lisos vasculares y el tejido efector. Se encuentra en los músculos bronquiales, los músculos uterinos y los músculos del corazón. Tipo Hay dos tipos de receptores alfa, a saber, los receptores Alpha1 y Alpha2. Hay tres tipos de receptores Beta, a saber, los receptores Beta1, Beta2 y Beta3.
¿Qué son los receptores alfa?
Los receptores alfa son un grupo de receptores. Están ubicados en la superficie celular de algunos efectores, tejido u órganos, inervados por el sistema nervioso simpático que media ciertas respuestas fisiológicas, como la relajación de los músculos intestinales, la vasocontracción, y contracción de los músculos lisos. Estos receptores son subtipos de receptores adrenérgicos que generalmente están involucrados en la regulación de las respuestas en ciertos estimuladores de nuestro cuerpo.
Los receptores alfa son de dos tipos, a saber, los receptores Alpha1 y los receptores Alpha2. El uso de estos receptores depende de la medicación que indica los órganos de encuestado seleccionados. Los receptores Alpha1 se usan más comúnmente en todo tipo de shock, descompensación por insuficiencia cardíaca y reanimación cardiopulmonar. Los receptores Alpha1 se subdividen nuevamente en agonistas Alpha1 y bloqueadores Alpha1.
Los receptores Alpha2 se usan fuera de etiqueta para el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático. Su estimulación reduce la salida del sistema nervioso simpático del centro vasomotor y aumenta el tono vagal. A veces, estos receptores también reducen el tono simpático. Incluye clonidina y guanfacina que se usan como antihipertensivos. Son de dos tipos, a saber, los agonistas Alpha2 y los bloqueadores Alpha2.
Entre 1906 y 1913, Henry Hallett Dale exploró el efecto de la adrenalina en los animales. Lo inyectó en los vasos, lo que resultó en un aumento en la presión arterial de estos animales. También expuso a estos animales a ergotoxina, lo que resultó en una disminución de la presión arterial. Después de estos experimentos, propuso que la ergotoxina causara una caída de la presión arterial y una parálisis selectiva de los músculos lisos. También agregó que estos componentes causan contracción o relajación dependiendo de las respuestas de diferentes tipos de unión al mismo componente.
En el siglo XX, se acordó que la estimulación de los nervios simpáticos causa diferentes efectos en los órganos del cuerpo. Hicieron dos propuestas para explicar el fenómeno. En primer lugar, había dos tipos de neurotransmisores liberados de terminales nerviosas; o en segundo lugar, había dos tipos de mecanismos de detectores. Esta hipótesis fue introducida por Arturo Rosen y Walter Bradford Cannon.
¿Qué son los receptores beta?
Los receptores beta son un grupo de receptores que están presentes en la superficie de las células ubicadas específicamente en algún tejido efector y órganos inervados por el sistema nervioso simpático. Estos receptores median ciertas respuestas fisiológicas como la relajación de los músculos bronquiales, vasodilatados, aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca y lisos uterinos. Estos receptores son subtipos de receptores adrenérgicos subdivididos en tres receptores diferentes, a saber, los receptores Beta2, Beta2, Beta3.
Bet1 Los receptores son componentes esenciales para la función fisiológica normal del sistema nervioso simpático. Estos receptores se activan a través de varias hormonas, medicamentos o mecanismos de señalización.
Los receptores Beta2 son receptores adrenérgicos que abarcan la membrana celular. Generalmente activan receptores acoplados a g-proteína que se unen a la noradrenalina y la epinefrina.
Los receptores
Beta3 se encuentran en la vejiga urinaria, el tejido adiposo marrón y la vesícula biliar. Relaja la vejiga y evita la micción.
Diferencias principales entre receptores alfa y beta
- Los receptores alfa son los receptores adrenérgicos que controlan procesos fisiológicos como la relajación intestinal y la vasoconstricción. En contra, los receptores beta son una clase de receptores que controlan la relajación de la bronquial, la vasodilatación y aumentan la frecuencia cardíaca.
- Los receptores alfa estimulan las células efectoras, mientras que los receptores beta relajan las células efectoras.
- Los receptores alfa son responsables de la contracción de los vasos sanguíneos. Por otro lado, los receptores beta son responsables de la dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos.
- Los receptores alfa se encuentran en los músculos lisos vasculares y en el tejido efector, mientras que los receptores beta se encuentran en los músculos bronquiales, los músculos uterinos y los músculos del corazón.
- Hay dos tipos de receptores alfa, a saber, los receptores Alpha1 y Alpha2. En contra, los receptores Beta son de tres tipos, a saber, los receptores Beta1, Beta2 y Beta3.
Síntesis
Tanto los receptores alfa como los beta se producen en la unión simpática de diferentes órganos de nuestro cuerpo, como el corazón, los pulmones, los tejidos grasos, los vasos sanguíneos, etc. Aunque ambos receptores forman parte de receptores adrenérgicos, ambos difieren en varios aspectos, como sus actividades, tipos y funciones. La principal diferencia es el efecto de cada tipo de receptores en las células efectoras.
- https://europepmc.org/article/med/6253412
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0024320577900662
- https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb41229.x
Contenido
Piyush ha estado trabajando para esforzarse por proporcionar las mejores diferencias y comparaciones. Es el fundador de sitio web. Tiene una especialización en Comunicaciones y MBA en Finanzas de NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
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