Los azúcares y los carbohidratos son dos tipos de nutrientes que están presentes en los alimentos. Como cualquier otro nutriente, los humanos necesitan que cada uno de ellos sobreviva. Sin embargo, estos nutrientes han ganado una reputación bastante negativa en estos días. Las personas a menudo se las arreglan, especialmente si provienen de fuentes artificiales. Sin embargo, comprender la diferencia entre ellos puede ayudar a saber qué son realmente y por qué el cuerpo los necesita.
Azúcares vs carbohidratos
La principal diferencia entre azúcares y carbohidratos es que el azúcar en sí mismo es un carbohidrato soluble que es dulce al gusto y se usa en muchos platos y bebidas, mientras que ‘ carbohidratos ’ es un término amplio que se usa para cualquier tipo de compuesto orgánico que tenga carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno como sus componentes.
‘ Los azúcares ’ son una categoría de carbohidratos que es soluble y también de sabor dulce. Para este propósito, a menudo se usa en varios alimentos para que sepan mejor. Los azúcares se pueden dividir en dos categorías principales. Estos incluyen azúcares simples y azúcares compuestos. Los azúcares simples son monosacáridos, mientras que los azúcares compuestos son disacáridos.
Mientras tanto, ‘ los carbohidratos ’ es un término general para biomoléculas particulares que tienen carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno como sus constituyentes. Sin embargo, algo importante a tener en cuenta es que hay algunos carbohidratos que no se ajustan a esta definición pero que todavía se llaman carbohidratos. De todos modos, son esenciales para la supervivencia de los seres vivos y tienen numerosos roles en el funcionamiento del cuerpo.
Tabla de comparación entre azúcares y carbohidratos
Parámetros de comparación Sugars carbono, oxígeno, e hidrógeno como sus componentes. Propiedades Son solubles en agua y tienen un sabor dulce. No son solubles en agua y no tienen sabor en absoluto. Tipos Se pueden dividir en azúcares simples y compuestos dividido en dos tipos – carbohidratos simples y carbohidratos complejos. Roles Forman estructuras dentro de las cuales los carbohidratos pueden almacenarse en el cuerpo. Tienen un papel principal en el metabolismo del cuerpo. Estructuras Pueden ser monosacáridos o disacáridos. Solo pueden ser polisacáridos.
¿Qué es el azúcar?
Sugar es un término dado a los carbohidratos solubles que tienen ciertas propiedades para ellos. Son solubles en agua y saben dulces. Debido a estas propiedades, son ampliamente utilizadas en todo el mundo para hacer alimentos.
Los azúcares se pueden dividir en dos términos generales. Estos incluyen azúcares simples y azúcares compuestos. Los azúcares simples son monosacáridos, lo que significa que son la unidad más básica presente dentro de un carbohidrato. Ejemplos de esto incluyen fructosa, galactosa y glucosa.
Mientras tanto, los azúcares compuestos se refieren a una molécula completa que se elabora combinando dos monosacáridos. Esto se hace con la ayuda de un enlace glucosídico. Ejemplos de tales tipos de azúcares incluyen maltosa, sacarosa y lactosa. Las cadenas largas que se hacen combinando dos o más monosacáridos no se consideran azúcar.
Ambos tipos de azúcares tienen un papel esencial en la dieta de un ser humano. Proporcionan energía alimentaria y hacen que muchos alimentos sepan mejor. Sin embargo, ha habido evidencia de que consumir demasiado azúcar puede causar efectos adversos como la obesidad e incluso la diabetes. Por lo tanto, no deben tomarse en grandes cantidades y deben controlarse en la dieta.
¿Qué son los carbohidratos?
‘ Carbohidratos ’ es un término amplio que se usa para biomoléculas particulares que se forman mediante la combinación de carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno. Sin embargo, debe tenerse en cuenta que los carbohidratos como los ácidos urónicos y la fucosa no siguen esta estructura química y aún están incluidos en la categoría de este nutriente. Mientras tanto, muchos productos químicos que se ajustan a esta estructura no se clasifican como carbohidratos.
Independientemente, los carbohidratos son siempre polisacáridos. Esto significa que están hechos por la combinación de dos o más monosacáridos. A veces, algunos de estos monosacáridos se modifican. Debido a esto, pueden reemplazar grupos enteros de otros monosacáridos a la vez. Ejemplos de estos incluyen desoxirribosa y quitina.
Estos nutrientes juegan un papel principal en el metabolismo de los seres humanos. Por lo tanto, son esenciales para la supervivencia. Es utilizado por el cuerpo como fuente de energía y también en el proceso de biosíntesis. En muchos animales, el glucógeno tiene el mismo propósito, mientras que el almidón tiene el mismo propósito en las plantas.
La mayoría de los nutricionistas en todo el mundo dividen los carbohidratos en categorías de simples y complejos. Sin embargo, en realidad, la distinción exacta entre estos dos grupos es muy oscura. Esto causa mucha confusión entre aquellos que no están familiarizados con el concepto.
Diferencias principales entre azúcares y carbohidratos
- Los azúcares son un tipo de carbohidrato que es soluble en líquidos y sabe dulce, mientras que el término ‘ carbohidratos ’ incluye cualquier compuesto orgánico que tenga carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno como sus constituyentes.
- Los azúcares son solubles en agua y tienen un sabor dulce, mientras que los carbohidratos no son solubles en agua y no tienen sabor en absoluto.
- Los azúcares se pueden dividir en azúcares simples y compuestos, mientras que los carbohidratos se pueden dividir en dos tipos – carbohidratos simples y carbohidratos complejos.
- Los azúcares forman estructuras dentro de las cuales los carbohidratos pueden almacenarse en el cuerpo, mientras que los carbohidratos tienen un papel principal en el metabolismo de un cuerpo.
- Los azúcares pueden ser monosacáridos o disacáridos, mientras que los carbohidratos solo pueden ser polisacáridos.
Síntesis
Los azúcares y los carbohidratos están relacionados entre sí de alguna manera, pero eso no significa que sean intercambiables. Cada uno de ellos tiene varias diferencias con el otro. En primer lugar, el azúcar en sí mismo es un tipo de carbohidratos, mientras que los carbohidratos son biomoléculas particulares que tienen carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno como sus componentes.
Otra diferencia importante es que los azúcares son siempre monosacáridos o disacáridos. Por otro lado, los carbohidratos son siempre polisacáridos. Además, los azúcares son solubles en agua y sabor dulce, mientras que los carbohidratos generalmente no son solubles en líquidos y no tienen ningún tipo de sabor. Otras diferencias entre los dos radican en sus funciones y usos en el cuerpo.
- https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/86/5/1495/4754408
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10719-019-09876-0
Contenido
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