Cada producto o bien llega a los clientes a través de una cadena de suministro. Hay varias partes de una cadena de suministro. Cada cadena de suministro comienza con un fabricante y termina con un minorista. Cada etapa está interrelacionada entre sí. Las dos partes integrales de la cadena de suministro son las ventas al por mayor y las ventas minoristas.
Ventas al por mayor vs Ventas al por menor
La principal diferencia entre las ventas al por mayor y las ventas al por menor es que las ventas al por mayor se refieren a la venta de bienes y productos en grandes cantidades a minoristas, mientras que las ventas al por menor se refieren a venta de productos y servicios en cantidades individuales a consumidores finales o clientes.
Las ventas al por mayor son especialmente para reventa por parte de los minoristas. Los productos de venta al por mayor se obtienen de los fabricantes. La secuencia de ventas al por mayor en la cadena de suministro está en el medio, después de los fabricantes. Las ventas al por mayor son en grandes, grandes y grandes cantidades. Los precios de las ventas al por mayor son más baratos. Las ventas al por mayor generalmente tratan con una gama limitada de bienes.
Por otro lado, las ventas minoristas son especialmente para consumo final de los consumidores. Los productos de las ventas minoristas se obtienen de mayoristas. La secuencia de ventas minoristas en la cadena de suministro es al final, después de las ventas al por mayor. Los precios de las ventas minoristas son caros que las tasas de venta al por mayor. Las ventas minoristas generalmente se ocupan de una amplia gama de productos y productos y brindan variedad a los clientes.
Tabla de comparación entre ventas al por mayor y ventas al por menor
Parámetros de comparación Ventas al por mayor Ventas minoristas Parte de la cadena de suministro Parte central de la cadena de suministro Parte final de la cadena de suministro Tipo de producto Materiales y productos en bruto Productos, productos, y servicios para clientes o empresas a través del modo en línea o fuera de línea Cantidad de producto Cantidades en masa Cantidades individuales Propósito Para reventa por parte del minorista Para el consumo final por parte del consumidor Adquisición de productos De fabricantes De mayoristas
¿Qué es la venta al por mayor?
La venta al por mayor se refiere al sistema de venta de bienes a granel a otros minoristas, industrias, usuarios comerciales, profesionales o institucionales. Las ventas al por mayor pueden ser compradas por una persona o organización. En venta al por mayor, los bienes vendidos están en grandes cantidades pero a un precio relativamente más bajo. Los minoristas a menudo compran bienes a mayoristas a un precio más barato y los venden a un precio más alto, obteniendo así ganancias.
La División de Estadística de las Naciones Unidas define la venta al por mayor como la reventa de bienes que son nuevos o utilizados para otros usuarios profesionales. Se llama reventa ya que implica ventas sin ninguna transformación. Las ventas al por mayor pueden incluso involucrar a agentes o corredores para la compra y venta de mercancías. Las personas involucradas en la venta al por mayor a menudo clasifican, califican y reempacan productos en racimos más pequeños para que sea más fácil distribuir grandes mercancías en lotes más pequeños.
Los mayoristas a menudo tienen sus instalaciones independientes en lugares específicos. Los mercados mayoristas más grandes del mundo se encuentran en China, el sudeste asiático y Taiwán. Las ventas al por mayor no cobran a los compradores del impuesto sobre las ventas, solo si el comprador o el cliente tienen una licencia de reventa en el mismo estado que el mayorista. La venta al por mayor no solo es específica de bienes y productos, sino que también se utiliza en el dominio bancario. La banca mayorista atiende a grandes clientes.
Las ventas al por mayor son a precios reducidos. La compra masiva a un precio más bajo y la venta a un precio más alto ayuda a las pequeñas empresas a operar. Los modelos mayoristas no venden productos directamente a los clientes y generalmente se venden a distribuidores.
¿Qué son las ventas minoristas?
Las ventas minoristas son el bien de los bienes o productos para los consumidores finales. Los productos y productos minoristas se consumen y utilizan, y no se venden comercialmente por adelantado. Las ventas minoristas se refieren a todos los productos finales de una cadena de suministro. Soporte de ventas minoristas y construir la economía del país. Los productos en ventas minoristas se traen al por mayor.
Los productos en una venta minorista se compran a un precio más bajo y se venden a un precio más alto. Los bienes de venta minorista se denominan bienes de consumo o bienes finales. La mayoría de los productos que los consumidores compran en tiendas y tiendas pueden denominarse productos minoristas. Los productos minoristas se pueden clasificar en cuatro tipos principales – productos de conveniencia, productos de compras, productos especializados y productos no buscados.
Los productos de las ventas minoristas son productos terminados. Las ventas minoristas no incluyen ninguna materia prima. También puede incluir servicios para clientes y empresas. Las ventas minoristas pueden estar en línea y fuera de línea. Los Estados Unidos. Census Bureau proporciona el informe mensual de ventas minoristas de los Estados Unidos. Esto ayuda en el análisis de las ventas de todo el año en el mercado minorista. Actúa como un criterio para medir las tendencias.
Las ventas minoristas se pueden clasificar en 13 tipos de concesionarios de automóviles –, tienda no – ( en línea ), grandes almacenes, indumentaria, electrónica, alimentos, materiales de construcción, artículos deportivos, muebles, belleza y salud, hospitalidad, estaciones de servicio y otros varios. Las ventas minoristas afectan directamente el PIB de la nación.
Diferencias principales entre ventas al por mayor y ventas minoristas
- Las ventas al por mayor se refieren a la mitad de la cadena de suministro, mientras que las ventas minoristas se refieren al final de la cadena de suministro.
- Las ventas al por mayor pueden incluir o no materias primas, mientras que las ventas al por menor incluyen productos terminados y sin materias primas.
- El precio de las ventas al por mayor es bajo y más barato, mientras que los precios de venta al por menor son altos y caros.
- Los productos en ventas al por mayor se compran a granel, mientras que los productos en ventas minoristas se pueden comprar en cantidades más pequeñas e individuales.
- Las ventas al por mayor ofrecen descuentos comerciales o descuentos en efectivo en el pago anticipado, mientras que las ventas minoristas proporcionan varias ventas y descuentos como Black Friday, Cyber Monday, Pay Day, Green Monday o durante las festividades.
- Las ventas al por mayor pueden tener un largo período de crédito para realizar el pago, mientras que las ventas minoristas no ofrecen ningún período de crédito y, sobre todo, el pago debe realizarse inmediatamente al momento de la compra.
Síntesis
Los mayoristas requieren capital y operan a gran escala mientras que los minoristas operan con menos capital y a menor escala. Los productos al por mayor se compran directamente a los fabricantes y se distribuyen en un área geográfica grande, mientras que los productos al por menor se compran a mayoristas y se venden en un área más pequeña en modo fuera de línea o en diferentes geográficas ubicaciones a través del modo en línea.
Los dos extremos de una cadena de suministro son mayoristas y minoristas. Ambos requieren grandes esfuerzos de comercialización y afectan directamente el crecimiento del PIB de un país o nación. Ambos extremos son interdependientes entre sí.
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/323504
- http://ekhnuir.univer.kharkov.ua/bitstream/123456789/4554/4/Chapter%20I.pdf
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