: 24 de junio de 2022
La gestión es el proceso que tiene como objetivo controlar y regular los asuntos de una organización, independientemente de su tamaño, estructura, naturaleza y tipo. Es una actividad que tiene como objetivo generar y administrar dicho entorno en la organización dentro de la cual los miembros pueden trabajar en coordinación entre sí y lograr los objetivos de la organización de manera más económica y eficientemente.
En esta definición, dos frases son particularmente significativas cuando se trata de explicar los objetivos de cualquier administración.
- Coordinación del esfuerzo colectivo.
- Logro de un objetivo común.
Por consiguiente, la gestión como actividad se refiere a la utilización óptima de 5M, es decir, máquina, material, hombres, métodos y dinero.
Principios de gestión
Según Luther Gullick y Lyndall Urwick, existen siete principios o funciones de gestión. Estos siete principios se han resumido utilizando un acrónimo llamado «POSDCORB Estos siete principios o procesos incluyen:
- Planificación: se refiere a la elaboración de un esquema amplio de lo que hay que hacer y las técnicas y métodos para hacer esas cosas para cumplir los objetivos de la organización en cuestión.
- Organización: implica establecer una estructura formal de autoridad encargada de la responsabilidad de organizar, definir y coordinar las divisiones de trabajo sub – de una organización para el logro de objetivos organizativos establecidos.
- Personal: implica contratar candidatos para el trabajo adecuados, proporcionar capacitación adecuada al nuevo personal y establecer un ambiente de trabajo favorable.
- Dirección: es un proceso continuo de toma de decisiones e implementación de esas decisiones a través de instrucciones y órdenes generales y específicas. En resumen, implica servir como guía para la organización.
- Coordinadora: es el deber más crítico de poner en sintonía varias funciones de la empresa entre sí.
- Informe: implica mantenerse a uno mismo y a los ejecutivos y subordinados de – informados sobre las diversas operaciones de la organización. La información se presenta y distribuye en forma de investigaciones, registros e inspecciones.
- Presupuestación: Ninguna organización o empresa puede despegar u operar sin presupuestar. En consecuencia, esta función o principio de gestión implica contabilidad fiscal, planificación y control.
Niveles de gestión
Existen principalmente tres niveles de gestión que significan el rango y el archivo de los gerentes y ejecutivos en una organización.
- Gestión de nivel inferior -: también llamada gestión de nivel operativa o funcional -, se compone principalmente de supervisores, para personas y gerentes de línea de primera línea -. Los gerentes en este nivel actúan como mentores para los empleados.
- Medio – Gestión de niveles: se compone principalmente de los jefes y gerentes departamentales y de división que implementan los planes y políticas de la compañía y vinculan a los gerentes de nivel superior – con la gestión de nivel inferior -.
- Arriba – Gestión de niveles: es el nivel más alto en la jerarquía de una organización y está compuesto por gerentes como directores ejecutivos y junta directiva. Estas personas están preocupadas por formular los objetivos, planes y políticas de una empresa.
Ventajas de la gestión
Una organización se beneficia de su gestión de las siguientes maneras:
- La administración ayuda a establecer la coordinación de actividades en una organización.
- Asegura el logro oportuno de los objetivos de la organización.
- Impide el desperdicio de recursos organizacionales.
- Permite a la organización alcanzar cierto grado de autocontrol -.
- Ayuda a aumentar la productividad general de la organización.
Desventajas de la gestión
A pesar de sus diversas ventajas, la gestión no está exenta de limitaciones.
- Crea una estructura jerárquica rígida en la organización que hace que los procedimientos organizativos específicos sean demasiado tediosos y largos.
- La relación jerárquica entre los gerentes y los trabajadores impide la posibilidad de un esfuerzo conjunto para establecer metas.
- https://www.uoguelph.ca/management/system/files/MGMT%201200%20DE01%20Principles%20of%20Management%20Burga%20F20.pdf
- https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g4oBEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=management+&ots=wYS8DPJbnk&sig=QCmS4pbnBd-0IELONoiLskFpLHc
Contenido
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