: 29 de enero de 2022
En el negocio, el capital puede ser cualquier cosa que aumente el valor de su negocio. Puede agregar valores en una amplia gama de factores como físico, social, intelectual y financiero. En economía y negocios, las dos capitales principales son el capital humano y el capital físico.
Capital humano versus capital físico
La principal diferencia entre el capital humano y el capital físico es que el capital humano es el conocimiento de un trabajador que aporta a una economía o al talento de una empresa, la forma de educación, habilidades, preferencias, etc. Por otro lado, el capital físico son productos que son artificiales – que están siendo traídos o invertidos por una empresa para producir bienes.
El capital humano es el recurso intangible colectivo que poseen los humanos. Incluye habilidades, talentos, habilidades, inteligencia, sabiduría, juicio, experiencia y capacitación que pueden ser poseídos por un individuo o un grupo. Usando capital humano, una economía o una empresa pueden generar riqueza material.
El capital físico es el hombre – que hizo recursos tangibles que respaldan el proceso de fabricación de bienes y servicios. El capital físico es considerado una de las capitales más importantes del proceso de producción en economía clásica. El capital físico incluye máquinas, equipos, vehículos y edificios. Debido a su naturaleza ilíquida, el proceso de valoración del capital físico es bastante desafiante.
Tabla de comparación entre capital humano y capital físico
Parámetro de comparación Capital humano , juicio y entrenamiento que los humanos poseen individual o colectivamente. El capital físico se refiere a los recursos creados por el hombre – que respaldan el proceso de fabricación de bienes y servicios. Incluye máquinas, edificios, equipos, vehículos, etc. Naturaleza del recurso El capital humano es intangible. El capital físico es tangible. Proceso de formación El proceso de formación no es industrial. La formación del capital humano es más un proceso social en la naturaleza. El proceso de formación del capital físico es industrial. Movilidad El capital humano no es portátil ya que existen muchas restricciones cultural y nacionalmente. El capital físico es portátil entre países, excepto por algunas restricciones gubernamentales. Separabilidad El capital humano no es separable de su propietario. El capital físico es separable. Se puede separar fácilmente de su propietario.
¿Qué es el capital humano?
El capital humano es el recurso intangible colectivo que poseen los seres humanos individual o colectivamente. Incluye habilidades, talentos, experiencia, habilidades, preferencias, forma de educación, experiencia, juicio y capacitación que generan riqueza para una empresa o una economía.
A fines de la década de 1950 y principios de la década de 1960, los economistas de la Universidad de Chicago Theodore Schultz y Gary Becker desarrollaron una teoría del capital humano, donde dijeron que invertir en trabajadores significa invertir en el equipo de capital ya que los trabajadores son uno de los principales factores del proceso de producción.
Gary Becker clasificó el capital humano en dos secciones – capital humano general y capital humano específico. El capital humano general es la cualidad y capacitación que tienen valores beneficiosos para el individuo en cualquier organización. Por otro lado, el capital humano específico es la educación y la capacitación que tienen valores beneficiosos solo para la organización.
La gestión del capital humano se extiende por toda una organización. Las acciones y decisiones de gestión que pueden afectar la relación entre el empleado y la organización se consideran muy importantes. Por lo tanto, las acciones de gestión pueden afectar el potencial de capital humano para impactar el desempeño de la organización tanto positiva como negativamente. Las organizaciones pueden ayudar a desarrollar capital humano, pero la propiedad del capital humano permanece bajo el control del propietario.
¿Qué es el capital físico?
El capital físico es el hombre – hizo recursos como maquinaria, edificios, vehículos y equipos que son propiedad de la organización. El capital físico es uno de los principales factores del proceso de producción. El capital físico exige una gran cantidad de inversión.
Desde el nacimiento del sistema de producción mecanizado y el capitalismo, el capital físico ha sido visto como bienes de capital. El capital físico es un componente muy importante que agrega valor a una organización. Muchos tipos de capital físico son activos fijos que tienen años de vida económica. Las capitales físicas no se destruyen ni consumen durante el proceso de fabricación, pero pueden disminuir con el tiempo.
El capital físico es ilíquido, lo que desafía agregar valor al capital físico. A veces, los equipos y la maquinaria se personalizan de acuerdo con el proceso y el propósito de producción. Entonces, la valoración del equipo y la maquinaria se vuelve desafiante para la organización. Por ejemplo, una empresa de fabricación de bebidas que tiene un diseño de botella en particular puede sufrir la reventa de la máquina de fabricación de botellas, ya que la máquina puede fabricar un cierto tipo de botella. En este caso, el proceso de valoración de la máquina será difícil.
Diferencia principal entre capital humano y capital físico
- El capital humano incluye activos inanimados – hechos como maquinaria, edificios, vehículos, equipos, etc. Por otro lado, el capital humano consiste en habilidades, experiencia, talento, forma de educación, habilidades, etc., que los humanos poseen tanto individual como colectivamente.
- El capital humano es intangible y, por otro lado, el capital físico es tangible.
- El capital humano no se puede vender en el mercado, solo el servicio prestado por el propietario del capital humano se puede vender en el mercado. Como cualquier otro producto básico, el capital físico se puede vender en el mercado.
- El capital humano no se puede separar del propietario, pero el capital físico se puede separar fácilmente de su propietario.
- El capital humano no es tan fácil de transportar internacionalmente ya que existen barreras culturales y de migración. Pero el capital físico puede transportarse fácilmente internacionalmente.
- El capital humano aprecia con el tiempo con una buena capacitación y educación adicionales, buena salud. Por el contrario, el capital físico se deprecia con el tiempo para un uso constante.
Síntesis
La clara diferencia entre el capital humano y el capital físico es que el capital humano es la cualidad de los seres humanos que poseen tanto individual como colectivamente que no pueden separarse del propietario, pero el capital físico es el hombre – que fabrica recursos como maquinaria, equipo, edificios y vehículos que las organizaciones adquieren para apoyar el proceso de fabricación y pueden separarse fácilmente de su propietario.
Sin embargo, el capital humano y el capital físico necesitan una cantidad significativa de inversión para obtener y desarrollar. Para agregar valor a la organización, los propietarios y gerentes deben identificar y adquirir ambas capitales con mucho cuidado.
- https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/34309590
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0142569042000236961
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