: 23 de enero de 2022
La generación de calor es un proceso que implica el movimiento de partículas. En palabras simples, el calor puede explicarse por el funcionamiento de las moléculas y la energía emitida por ellas crea calor o la energía emitida se convierte en calor.
Por ejemplo, cuando una persona hace ejercicio o cualquier otra actividad, su cuerpo se calienta y se produce sudor. O durante la cocción cuando la comida se calienta o calienta, es simplemente la transferencia de calor, a través de la conducción o la convección.
La razón detrás de la transferencia de calor es científica, puede parecer fácil y cliché a la comida caliente, pero tiene razones científicas detrás. Las partículas invisibles o microscópicas se cargan y se crea energía que se transfiere en forma de calor.
El proceso de transferencia de calor puede ser directo o indirecto, también hay varios materiales en los que se puede transferir el calor y, en algunos, no se puede transferir, por ejemplo, no todos los tipos de plástico no pueden manejar el calor.
Conducción vs convección
La principal diferencia entre conducción y convección es que en el calor de conducción se transfiere directamente, mientras que el calor de convección se transfiere a través del fluido. Ambos conducen a la emisión de calor, pero existen diferencias en el método.
Tabla de comparación entre conducción y convección
Parámetros de comparación Conducción . Estado de la materia Líquido o gas Transferencia de corriente eléctrica Permite No permite Densidad de partículas Alta densidad Baja densidad Velocidad de transferencia de calor Flojo Faster
¿Qué es la conducción?
La conducción es el proceso de transferencia de calor o corriente. La conducción es la transferencia de energía en forma de calor y corriente de un átomo a otro a través del contacto directo.
La conducción puede ocurrir en los tres estados de la materia; sólido, líquido y gas. La mejor transferencia puede ocurrir en estado sólido porque los átomos están bien embalados, lo que permite una velocidad de transferencia más rápida de, la densidad de moléculas afecta la velocidad de transferencia de calor, por el contrario, los líquidos y gases son menos eficientes en la transferencia de calor debido a la baja densidad de moléculas.
Hay dos tipos de conducción, que son la conducción de calor y la conducción de electricidad.
Conducción de calor: cuando la temperatura aumenta en las moléculas, se produce una vibración y esto provoca calor en las moléculas y luego la transferencia de calor se produce dentro de las moléculas apretadas. Por ejemplo, cuando se aplica una almohadilla térmica sobre la piel, también causa calor en los músculos.
Conducción de electricidad: ocurre debido al movimiento de partículas cargadas a través de cualquier medio. Este movimiento de partículas cargadas provoca una corriente que es transportada por iones o electrones cargados. Por ejemplo, cuando la corriente pasa a través de cables, los cables están formados por metal, que es un buen conductor de electricidad.
Hay varios factores que afectan la conducción, esos factores son; la diferencia de temperatura, longitud, área de sección transversal y el material. Cada material tiene una conductividad diferente, por ejemplo, aluminio, bronce, cobre, agua, etc., tendrá una conductividad diferente. Los metales tienen la mayor conductividad.
La conducción se puede calcular a través de la fórmula en teoría mediante varios métodos, por ejemplo, por la ley de Ohm o por la ley de Fourier. Estas fórmulas calculan la velocidad de transferencia de calor cuando se da la conductividad del material. La conducción no sigue la ley de reflexión o refracción
¿Qué es la convección?
La convección es el proceso de transferencia de calor a través del movimiento a granel de moléculas en cualquier fluido. La transferencia inicial de calor entre el objeto y el fluido se realiza debido a la conducción, pero luego, el movimiento a granel en partículas de fluido crea convección.
El proceso de convección implica una expansión térmica que es cuando un fluido se calienta desde debajo de la superficie, la capa inferior de líquido se calienta y se expande térmicamente la densidad de la molécula es más en comparación con el líquido en la superficie superior. Debido a la flotabilidad, las partículas menos densas, el líquido más caliente, se eleva y el líquido más frío lo reemplaza.
Hay dos tipos de convección, esos son; convección natural y convección forzada.
Convección natural: tipo de convección en la que la diferencia de temperatura causa una diferencia en las densidades, es decir, donde la fuerza de flotación juega un papel importante. por ejemplo, vientos oceánicos.
Convección forzada: un tipo de convección en la que las fuerzas externas inducen convección, por ejemplo, ventiladores, calentadores de agua, géiseres, etc.
Los factores que afectan la convección son; medio ( líquido o gas ), temperatura, una fuente que causa calor. Una de las diferencias entre conducción y convección es que la convección no admite corriente eléctrica.
Algunos ejemplos de convección son; se produce una brisa terrestre ( durante la noche ), o brisa marina ( Ocurre durante el día ), ventiladores utilizados para enfriar la habitación, calentadores utilizados para calentar agua, vapores, etc.
La convección natural no se puede calcular fácilmente, pero la convección forzada se puede calcular teóricamente a través de la fórmula dada por la ley de enfriamiento de Newton. La fórmula es: –
- P = dQ / dt- la velocidad a la que se transfiere el calor
- h – coeficiente de transferencia de calor por convección
- A – área de superficie expuesta
- T – la temperatura del objeto sumergido
- T0 – la temperatura del fluido que está bajo convección
Diferencias principales entre conducción y convección
- La conducción se realiza entre objetos a través del contacto directo, por otro lado, la convección se realiza a través del fluido.
- La conducción se realiza mejor en sólidos, por el contrario, la convección se realiza mejor en líquidos o gases.
- En la conducción, el calor se transfiere debido a diferencias de temperatura, mientras que en la convección el calor se transfiere debido a diferencias de densidad.
- La transferencia de calor en la conducción es lenta, por otro lado, la transferencia de calor en la convección es rápida.
- La conducción también admite la conducción eléctrica, pero la convección no es compatible con la electricidad.
Síntesis
La conducción y la convección transfieren energía en forma de calor.
Ambos pueden ser naturales o producidos artificialmente dependiendo de sus tipos.
Trabajos de conducción y convección en diferentes estados de la materia ( sólido, líquido y gas ). La densidad de partículas afecta principalmente la conducción y la convección.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960106013247
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931009000271
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