: 28 de enero de 2022
Miles de objetos cruzan las órbitas de la Tierra todo el tiempo. Dos de estos cuerpos cósmicos son asteroides y cometas. Los astrónomos creen que la colisión de estos objetos con la Tierra marca la evolución de nuestro planeta. Estos objetos tienen propiedades similares. Pero algunas diferencias deben tenerse en cuenta en la exploración de estos cuerpos cósmicos.
Asteroide vs Comet
La principal diferencia entre un asteroide y un cometa radica en su Composición. Los asteroides se encuentran en el cinturón de asteroides y están hechos de roca y metales. Son más pequeños que los planetas. Los cometas, por otro lado, se encuentran en la región exterior del sistema solar. Incluso pueden tomar siglos para completar una órbita.
Los asteroides son objetos irregulares de forma puntiaguda que orbitan alrededor del sol. Generalmente se encuentran en el cinturón de asteroides que se encuentra entre los dos planetas, Marte y Júpiter. Sobre el tamaño, son mucho más pequeños que los planetas. Los asteroides siguen el mismo camino que los planetas que orbitan alrededor del sol.
Por otro lado, Comet, en griego, se refiere a ‘ de pelo largo ’. Los cometas son bolas de nieve heladas compuestas de polvo, roca y hielo. Orbitan el sol. A medida que un cometa se acerca al sol, se calienta y libera gases y polvo. Estos materiales forman un cuento similar al polvo en la atmósfera.
Tabla de comparación entre asteroides y cometas
Parámetros de comparación Asteroide , amoníaco y dióxido de carbono ), polvo, hielo y roca. Distancia Se encuentran a una distancia más cercana al sol. Se encuentran a una distancia segura del sol. Órbitas Tienen una órbita más estrecha. La mayoría de ellos se encuentran en el cinturón de asteroides ubicado entre Marte y Júpiter. Tienen una órbita mucho más alargada que se encuentra al lado de la órbita de Plutón. Cuento de polvo No produce ninguna cola de polvo. Produce un cola de polvo cuando se acerca al sol. Orbitando el Sol Todos los asteroides orbitan alrededor del sol. La mayoría de los cometas siguen la órbita del sol, pero algunos de ellos se encuentran fuera de nuestro sistema solar.
¿Qué es el asteroide?
Los asteroides son objetos rocosos que se formaron a partir de los restos que quedaron después de la formación de nuestro sistema solar. Millones de asteroides están presentes en el cinturón de asteroides. Están tan separados que no se puede ver otro asteroide mientras está parado en un asteroide. Los asteroides están a miles de millas de distancia entre sí.
El término asteroides significa ‘ similar a una estrella, ya que aparecen como una estrella cuando se ven a través de un microscopio. Los asteroides son más pequeños que los planetas y a veces se les llama planetas menores ‘ ’ o planetoides. Al igual que los planetas, orbitan alrededor del Sol. Los asteroides pequeños se llaman meteoritos.
Los asteroides varían de unas pocas millas a varios miles de millas de diámetro. La composición de los asteroides se basa en su distancia del Sol. A partir de 2020, se han descubierto 1,000,000 de asteroides. El asteroide más grande es Ceres, que es aproximadamente una cuarta parte del tamaño de la luna. Fue descubierto en 1801 por el astrónomo Giuseppe Piazzi. Fue el primer asteroide descubierto. Primero se disfrazó de planeta, pero luego se etiquetó como asteroide debido a sus propiedades.
A pesar de la presencia de grandes cantidades de asteroides en el sistema solar, su masa se considera menor que la masa de la luna.
¿Qué es el cometa?
Los cometas son bolas polvorientas congeladas que orbitan alrededor del sol. Se llaman bolas de nieve polvorientas ‘ ’. Están ubicados a una distancia mucho más allá del Sol. A medida que se acercan al sol, entran en contacto con el calor. Como resultado, su capa externa hecha de hielo se derrite y vomita en el espacio.
Su cercanía al Sol los hace parecer brillantes y visibles a simple vista. Al derretirse, sus colas se extienden a un millón de kilómetros en el espacio y, por lo tanto, parecen enormes. Se dice que los cometas viajan en nuestro sistema solar en una serie de líneas rectas.
Gottfried Kirch fue la primera persona en marcar el descubrimiento telescópico de Comet en 1680. El cometa más famoso es el cometa Hally. Tiene un núcleo grande y parece extremadamente brillante. Es el único cometa que es visible desde la Tierra. Aparece cada 75 o 76 años y es visible a simple vista. Cuando dos cometas se colapsan entre sí, cambian de dirección y se acercan al sol.
Diferencia principal entre asteroide y cometa
- Los asteroides se forman en el cinturón de asteroides ubicado entre Marte y Júpiter y algunos de ellos están presentes en otros lugares, mientras que los cometas se forman en la región más externa del sistema solar.
- Los asteroides están formados por rocas y metales. Por otro lado, los cometas son como bolas de nieve polvorientas que se forman en el espacio. Están formados por suciedad, hielo, agua y gases.
- Los asteroides tienen una órbita elíptica, mientras que los cometas tienen una órbita excéntrica.
- Los asteroides tienen períodos orbitales más cortos que consisten en uno a cien años, mientras que los cometas tienen períodos orbitales mucho más largos que consisten en setenta y cinco a un millón de años.
- Los asteroides no producen estructuras similares a la cola. Por otro lado, cuando los cometas se acercan al sol, La estructura exterior que estaba compuesta de hielo se derrite y libera gases que los hacen parecer una cola de polvo que cae del cielo.
Síntesis
Después de conocer la diferencia entre asteroide y cometa, será más fácil distinguir uno del otro. Ambos se formaron hace unos 5 mil millones de años. Se cree que contribuyeron a la formación del sistema solar.
Los asteroides del tamaño de una burbuja pasan frecuentemente de la órbita terrestre. Aunque los grandes asteroides y cometas pueden resultar peligrosos, los científicos aún no han descubierto las posibilidades de daño. Asteroides y Cometas ayudan a los científicos a explorar más a fondo el espacio. Algún día pueden servir como estaciones de reabastecimiento de combustible para naves espaciales.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103502969034
- https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/1.57247
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